The similarity to Newton's second law of motion ( F = ma) should be apparent. Newton's equation, states that the resulting shear of a fluid is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to its viscosity. As to what causes this friction nobody can say for sure however the general consensus is a combination of electromagnetic attraction/repulsion between atoms and long chain molecules looping around each other in complex compounds as in polymers. So why are some substances more viscous than others? The flow speed is determined by how much friction exists between the molecules of the liquid as the liquid flows. The viscosity of a substance can be affected by temperature as you are probably aware, for example heated honeys and syrups flow much more easily than those which have been pulled cold straight from the fridge. Stirring your cup of tea is considered easy, this is due to water and milk having low viscosities, while if you were to try and stir a cup of honey you would find this considerably harder as honey is much more viscous. What is viscosity? Put simply viscosity is the measure of how fast liquids flow or the resistance to flow of a fluid and the resistance to the movement of an object through a fluid.
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